Benchmark originally referred to a surveyor's mark cut in a wall, pillar, or building and used as a reference point in measuring altitudes.
In modern usage, benchmark has several meanings:
1. Computing: A standard or point of reference against which things may be compared or assessed, especially in evaluating computer hardware or software performance.
2. Finance: An index or standard against which the performance of a security, mutual fund, or investment manager can be measured.
3. General: Any standard or reference by which others can be measured or judged.