surname 的用法和发音

顾老师英语课堂

surname

/ˈsɜːrneɪm/
名词 日常用语

基本释义:姓氏(与given name名字相对)

词源:源自中古英语"surnoun",意为"附加的名字"

📚 核心含义

家族姓氏

表示家族传承的姓氏

His surname is Smith.
他的姓氏是史密斯。
日常用语

正式称呼

用于正式场合的称呼

Please write your surname first.
请先写您的姓氏
正式用语

婚姻改名

婚后改姓的情况

She took her husband's surname.
她随了丈夫的
社会习俗

"surname"是日常高频词汇,在正式文件、表格填写、自我介绍等场合都会用到,掌握其正确用法非常重要。

🔄 用法对比

英语例句

What is your surname?

Her surname changed after marriage.

Please list the students by surname.

中文翻译

您的姓氏是什么?

她婚后改了

请按姓氏列出学生名单。

🔊 发音指南

英式发音

/ˈsɜːrneɪm/

瑟-内姆(重读"瑟")

美式发音

/ˈsɜːrneɪm/

瑟-内姆(重读"瑟")

发音要点:

常见发音错误

  • 读成"苏-内姆"(应为/sɜːrneɪm/)
  • 重音放在第二个音节
  • "r"发音不清晰

🎯 常见搭配

given name + surname

表示全名

given name and surname
名字姓氏
正式用语

change + surname

表示改姓

change one's surname
更改姓氏
法律用语

maiden surname

婚前姓氏

maiden surname
婚前姓氏
婚姻用语

语法注意

单数: surname
复数: surnames

⚠️ 易混淆点

不要混淆:

Surname is the same as first name. (错误)

正确:Surname is the family name, different from first name.

In China, surname comes after given name. (错误)

正确:In China, surname comes before given name.

✍️ 随堂练习

翻译练习

1. Please write your surname in capital letters.
2. Her surname is very common in England.
3. The teacher called the students by their surnames.

1. 请用大写字母书写您的姓氏

2. 她的姓氏在英格兰很常见。

3. 老师按姓氏点名。

发音练习

跟读以下句子:

• What's your surname? [ˈsɜːrneɪm]
• My surname is pronounced "Lee". [ˈsɜːrneɪm]
Surnames can tell us about family history. [ˈsɜːrneɪmz]

改错练习

找出并改正错误:

1. Surname is your first name.
2. 读作[suːˈneɪm]
3. Chinese surname comes after given name.

1. Surname is your family name.

2. 读作[ˈsɜːrneɪm](重音在第一音节)

3. Chinese surname comes before given name.