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专业解析英语词汇 | 发音+意思+用法一站式教学

近义词解析:拮据

📚 近义词解析

1. straitened (adj.) - 经济窘迫的

After losing his job, he lived in straitened circumstances.
失业后,他生活在经济拮据的状况中。

2. hard up (adj.) - 手头紧的(口语)

I'm a bit hard up this month after paying the tuition.
付完学费后,我这个月有点手头拮据

3. penniless (adj.) - 身无分文的

The gambler ended up penniless.
那个赌徒最终身无分文

4. impecunious (adj.) - 贫穷的(正式)

The impecunious artist struggled to buy paints.
这位经济拮据的艺术家买颜料都很困难。

💡 顾老师提示:"拮据"的近义词程度不同:straitened(暂时困难)→ hard up(口语常用)→ penniless(完全没钱)→ impecunious(正式用语)。

🔊 发音指导

straitened:/ˈstreɪtnd/ [ˈstreɪtnd]

impecunious:/ˌɪmpɪˈkjuːniəs/ [ˌɪmpɪˈkjuːniəs]

发音要点:

  • straitened:注意"strait"发音类似"strayt",结尾"ened"发[nd]
  • impecunious:重音在第三个音节"cu",注意"pecu"连读
  • penniless:注意双"n"和清晰发音的"less"

中文谐音参考:

straitened:斯追-腾的

impecunious:因皮-丘-尼厄斯

💡 顾老师纠音:常见发音错误:

  • 错误1:把straitened读成"straightened"(正确:[ˈstreɪtnd])
  • 错误2:忽略impecunious的第二个"i"发音(正确:[ˌɪmpɪˈkjuːniəs])
  • 错误3:把hard up连读成"hardup"(应分开读)

🎯 用法总结

1. 正式场合 → straitened/impecunious

The family's straitened finances prevented the children from attending college.
这个家庭拮据的经济状况使孩子们无法上大学。

2. 日常对话 → hard up/short of cash

Can we postpone the trip? I'm hard up right now.
我们能推迟旅行吗?我现在手头很紧

3. 极端情况 → penniless/destitute

After the bankruptcy, he was left penniless.
破产后,他身无分文

语法注意:

  • hard up是形容词短语,后面不接名词
  • penniless只能作表语或后置定语
  • straitened通常修饰circumstances/conditions等名词

📝 随堂练习

1. 根据语境选择恰当近义词:

"After paying the medical bills, the family was ______ for months." (straitened/hard up/penniless)

2. 听录音跟读:

straitened:[ˈstreɪtnd] → straitened circumstances

impecunious:[ˌɪmpɪˈkjuːniəs] → an impecunious student

3. 改错:找出使用不当的近义词

原句:The millionaire became penniless after donating all his money.(不当:penniless程度过重)

建议:The millionaire became straitened after donating most of his money.