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专业解析英语词汇 | 发音+意思+用法一站式教学

成语解析:锲而不舍的反义词

📚 中文意思

1. 半途而废(中途放弃)

He gave up halfway through the project.
他在项目进行到一半时半途而废了。

2. 浅尝辄止(略微尝试就停止)

She only skimmed the surface of the subject.
她对这门学科只是浅尝辄止

3. 知难而退(遇到困难就退缩)

They retreated when faced with difficulties.
遇到困难时他们选择了知难而退

4. 三心二意(不专心、不坚定)

His half-hearted attitude led to failure.
三心二意的态度导致了失败。

💡 顾老师提示:"锲而不舍"的反义词都包含"不坚持"的核心含义,但侧重点不同:"半途而废"强调中途放弃,"浅尝辄止"强调不深入,"知难而退"强调畏惧困难。

🔊 英语对应表达

1. give up easily [ɡɪv ʌp ˈiːzəli] → 轻易放弃

2. lack perseverance [læk ˌpɜːsəˈvɪərəns] → 缺乏毅力

常用短语:

  • throw in the towel(认输)
  • stop halfway(半途而废)
  • lack staying power(缺乏持久力)
  • faint-hearted(胆怯的)

例句参考:

He's known for giving up at the first sign of difficulty.(他一遇到困难就放弃是出了名的。)

Her lack of perseverance cost her the promotion.(她缺乏毅力使她错失了晋升机会。)

💡 顾老师提示:英语中表达"不坚持"的词汇有程度差异:

  • 轻度:waver(动摇)
  • 中度:give up(放弃)
  • 重度:abandon(彻底放弃)

🎯 用法总结

1. 描述性格特征 → 表示习惯性放弃

He's a quitter who never finishes anything.
他是个半途而废的人,从不会把事情做完。

2. 批评行为表现 → 指出具体的不坚持行为

Your half-hearted effort won't lead to success.
三心二意的努力不会带来成功。

3. 分析失败原因 → 说明因不坚持导致的后果

The project failed due to their lack of persistence.
项目失败是因为他们缺乏坚持

语法注意:

  • 名词形式:quitter(放弃者)
  • 形容词:irresolute(不坚决的)
  • 动词短语:back out(退出)

📝 随堂练习

1. 翻译句子:

"Many people start learning a language but give up when it gets difficult."

2. 找出反义词:

persistent(坚持不懈的)→ lack perseverance

tenacious(顽强的)→ faint-hearted

3. 改错:找出不恰当的表达

原句:"She is very persistent in giving up."(矛盾表达)

正确:"She tends to give up easily."