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专业解析英语词汇 | 发音+意思+用法一站式教学

近义词解析:灰心的表达

📚 中文意思

1. discouraged(因挫折而灰心)

After failing the exam three times, he felt deeply discouraged.
三次考试失败后,他感到非常灰心

2. disheartened(失去信心)

The team was disheartened by the loss.
团队因失败而士气低落

3. demoralized(士气受挫)

The soldiers became demoralized after weeks of retreat.
数周撤退后,士兵们士气涣散

4. crestfallen(因失望而垂头丧气)

She was crestfallen when her proposal was rejected.
提案被拒后,她垂头丧气

💡 顾老师提示:这些词都表示"灰心",但程度和侧重点不同:"discouraged"最常用,"disheartened"更强调失去信心,"demoralized"程度最深,"crestfallen"则突出外在表现。

🔊 发音指导

discouraged:/dɪsˈkʌrɪdʒd/ [dɪsˈkɜːrɪdʒd]

disheartened:/dɪsˈhɑːrtnd/ [dɪsˈhɑːrtnd]

发音要点:

  • 注意前缀"dis-"的发音为/dɪs/
  • "discouraged"重音在第二个音节
  • "disheartened"中的"heart"部分保留/h/发音
  • 词尾"-ed"在元音后读/d/

中文谐音参考:

discouraged:迪斯-咖-瑞吉的

disheartened:迪斯-哈-疼的

💡 顾老师纠音:常见发音错误:

  • 错误1:忽略"dis-"前缀(正确:[dɪs]
  • 错误2:将"heartened"读成"hɑːtɪnd"(正确:[hɑːrtnd]
  • 错误3:"-ed"结尾发音过重

🎯 用法总结

1. discouraged + by/at/about → 因...而灰心

She was discouraged by the slow progress.
她因进展缓慢而灰心

2. feel disheartened + to do → 对做某事感到泄气

I felt disheartened to see my efforts wasted.
看到努力白费,我感到心灰意冷

3. become demoralized + after → 在...之后士气低落

The staff became demoralized after the pay cuts.
减薪后员工士气低落

语法注意:

  • 这些词都是形容词,常用作表语
  • 可与程度副词搭配:deeply/utterly/completely等
  • 反义词:encouraged(受鼓舞的)

📝 随堂练习

1. 朗读并翻译:

"Don't be discouraged by temporary setbacks."

2. 听录音跟读:

discouraged:[dɪsˈkɜːrɪdʒd] → He looked discouraged after the interview.

disheartened:[dɪsˈhɑːrtnd] → The news left us disheartened.

3. 改错:找出发音错误

学生读:[dɪsˈkɔːrɪdʒd](错误:第二个音节发音)

正确:[dɪsˈkɜːrɪdʒd]