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专业解析英语词汇 | 发音+意思+用法一站式教学

词汇解析:斗志昂扬的反义词

📚 中文意思

1. 萎靡不振

After the defeat, the team was listless and dispirited.
失败后,球队萎靡不振

2. 垂头丧气

He walked away with his head down in dejection.
垂头丧气地走开了。

3. 无精打采

She answered the questions in a lackluster manner.
无精打采地回答了问题。

4. 士气低落

The soldiers' morale was at its lowest after the retreat.
撤退后,士兵们士气低落

💡 顾老师提示:这些反义词都表示精神状态的消极面,但侧重点不同:"萎靡不振"强调活力不足,"垂头丧气"强调情绪低落,"无精打采"强调缺乏热情。

🔊 英文表达

1. dispirited/dɪˈspɪrɪtɪd/ [dɪˈspɪrɪtɪd]

2. demoralized/dɪˈmɒrəlaɪzd/ [dɪˈmɒrəlaɪzd]

发音要点:

  • dispirited:重音在第二个音节,注意"spirit"的发音
  • demoralized:重音在第二个音节,注意"moral"的发音
  • 结尾的"ed"发/t/或/d/音,根据前一个音素决定

中文对应:

dispirited → 意气消沉的

demoralized → 士气低落的

💡 顾老师纠音:常见发音错误:

  • 错误1:将dispirited读成/dis'paɪətɪd/(正确:[dɪˈspɪrɪtɪd]
  • 错误2:忽略demoralized中的"a"音(正确:/dɪˈmɒrəlaɪzd/)

🎯 用法总结

1. 形容个人状态

He looked crestfallen after hearing the bad news.
听到坏消息后,他看起来垂头丧气

2. 形容团队士气

The team was demoralized after losing three games in a row.
连续输掉三场比赛后,球队士气低落

3. 形容缺乏热情

She gave a half-hearted performance in today's match.
她在今天的比赛中表现得无精打采

语法注意:

  • 多数为形容词,可作表语或定语
  • crestfallen只能作表语
  • half-hearted常修饰名词

📝 随堂练习

1. 翻译句子:

"连续加班让他变得萎靡不振。"

2. 选择正确表达:

形容比赛失利后的球队状态:

A) high-spirited

B) demoralized

C) enthusiastic

3. 改错:找出使用不当的词

原句:After winning the championship, the team was crestfallen.

改正:After losing the championship, the team was crestfallen.