顾老师英语课堂

专业解析英语词汇 | 发音+意思+用法一站式教学

近义词解析:伤害的同义词

📚 中文意思

1. harm(泛指伤害)

Smoking harms your health.
吸烟会损害你的健康。

2. damage(造成物质或功能损害)

The storm damaged many houses.
暴风雨损坏了许多房屋。

3. hurt(身体或情感伤害)

His words hurt her feelings.
他的话伤害了她的感情。

4. injure(意外造成的身体伤害)

Three workers were injured in the accident.
三名工人在事故中受伤

💡 顾老师提示:"伤害"的近义词使用要根据伤害类型选择:physical(身体)用injure/wound;emotional(情感)用hurt;property(财产)用damage;general(泛指)用harm。

🔊 发音指导

harm:/hɑːm/ [hɑːm]

damage:/ˈdæmɪdʒ/ [ˈdæmɪdʒ]

hurt:/hɜːt/ [hɜːt]

injure:/ˈɪndʒə/ [ˈɪndʒə]

wound:/wuːnd/ [wuːnd]

发音要点:

  • "harm"中的"ar"发长音/ɑː/
  • "damage"重音在第一个音节,注意"dge"发/dʒ/音
  • "hurt"中的"ur"发/ɜː/音,类似中文"赫特"
  • "injure"注意"j"发/dʒ/,不是/j/
  • "wound"中的"ou"发/uː/音,与"wound"(wind过去式)发音不同

💡 顾老师纠音:常见发音错误:

  • 把"damage"读成"达马哥"(正确:[ˈdæmɪdʒ]
  • "injure"的"j"发成中文"依"(正确发/dʒ/音)
  • "wound"与"wound"(wind过去式)混淆发音

🎯 用法总结

1. harm → 泛指伤害,可作名词和动词

There's no harm in trying.
尝试一下没有害处

2. damage → 多指对物体或功能的损害

The earthquake caused severe damage.
地震造成了严重破坏

3. hurt → 身体疼痛或情感伤害

My leg hurts.
我的腿

4. injure/wound → 身体受伤(injure多指意外,wound多指武器造成)

The soldier was wounded in battle.
士兵在战斗中负伤

语法注意:

  • harm/damage/hurt/injure/wound都可作动词
  • harm/damage可作不可数名词
  • hurt的过去式和过去分词都是hurt
  • wound的过去式和过去分词都是wounded

📝 随堂练习

1. 选择正确的词填空:

The scandal ___ (harmed/damaged) his reputation.

2. 听录音跟读:

[hɑːm] → Don't harm the environment.

[ˈdæmɪdʒ] → The fire damaged the building.

3. 改错:找出使用不当的词

原句:He hurt his car in the accident.(应用damaged)

正确:He damaged his car in the accident.