顾老师英语课堂

专业解析英语词汇 | 发音+意思+用法一站式教学

近义词解析:悲惨的表达

📚 核心近义词

1. miserable (极度痛苦的)

The refugees lived in miserable conditions.
难民们生活在极度悲惨的环境中。

2. wretched (可怜可悲的)

The wretched child was begging on the street.
那个可怜巴巴的孩子在街头乞讨。

3. dismal (阴郁绝望的)

The future looks dismal for these workers.
对这些工人来说,前景看起来十分黯淡

4. dire (极其严重的)

The country is in dire poverty.
这个国家处于极度贫困中。

💡 顾老师提示:这些词都表示"悲惨",但侧重点不同:"miserable"强调主观痛苦感受,"wretched"带有怜悯色彩,"dismal"侧重环境压抑,"dire"强调情况危急。

🔊 发音指导

miserable:/ˈmɪzrəbl/ [ˈmɪz-rə-bəl]

wretched:/ˈretʃɪd/ [ˈre-tʃɪd]

dismal:/ˈdɪzməl/ [ˈdɪz-məl]

dire:/ˈdaɪər/ [ˈdaɪ-ər]

发音要点:

  • "miserable"重音在第一音节,注意"z"的浊音
  • "wretched"的"tch"发/tʃ/音,类似中文"吃"
  • "dismal"的"dis"要轻读,"mal"类似"默"
  • "dire"是双音节词,不要读成单音节

中文谐音参考:

miserable:米-zer-波

wretched:瑞-吃-id

dismal:滴-zer-默

dire:戴-尔

💡 顾老师纠音:常见错误:

  • 把"miserable"读成"米塞拉伯"(正确:[ˈmɪz-rə-bəl])
  • "wretched"的"w"不发音,不要读成"乌瑞吃id"
  • "dismal"不要读成"迪斯马尔"

🎯 用法总结

1. miserable → 多形容生活状况或情绪状态

He had a miserable childhood.
他有个悲惨的童年。

2. wretched → 带有道德评判或强烈同情

The wretched prisoners were starving.
那些可怜的囚犯正在挨饿。

3. dismal → 描述令人沮丧的环境或前景

The weather was dismal all week.
整个星期的天气都阴郁不堪

4. dire → 强调情况紧急严峻

The situation is dire - we need help now!
情况万分危急——我们需要立即援助!

搭配注意:

  • miserable + life/conditions/failure
  • wretched + existence/poverty/creature
  • dismal + performance/weather/prospects
  • dire + consequences/straits/warning

📝 随堂练习

1. 朗读并翻译:

"The wretched survivors told their miserable stories."

2. 听录音跟读:

miserable:[ˈmɪzrəbl] → The miserable weather ruined our picnic.

dire:[ˈdaɪər] → The report paints a dire picture.

3. 改错:找出使用不当的词

原句:The dire child was crying.(错误:应用wretched)

正确:The wretched child was crying.