近义词解析：呵斥
📚 近义词释义
1. 训斥 - 带有教育性质的严厉批评
老师严厉训斥了迟到的学生。
The teacher severely reprimanded the late student.
The teacher severely reprimanded the late student.
2. 斥责 - 正式场合的严厉责备
经理当众斥责了他的失职行为。
The manager publicly rebuked him for his negligence.
The manager publicly rebuked him for his negligence.
3. 责骂 - 带有愤怒情绪的责备
母亲责骂孩子不该撒谎。
The mother scolded the child for lying.
The mother scolded the child for lying.
4. 叱责 - 语气严厉的责备（书面语）
将军叱责了违反军纪的士兵。
The general upbraided the soldier for violating military discipline.
The general upbraided the soldier for violating military discipline.
💡 顾老师提示："呵斥"的核心意思是"大声责备"，这些近义词在语气强弱和使用场合上有所区别。特别注意"训斥"偏教育性，"斥责"更正式，"责骂"更口语化。
🔊 英文对应词发音
scold：/skəʊld/ [skəʊld]
rebuke：/rɪˈbjuːk/ [rɪˈbjuːk]
发音要点：
- "scold"中的"o"发长音/əʊ/
- "rebuke"重音在第二个音节
- "buke"部分发音类似"byook"
- 注意区分"reproach"和"rebuke"的发音差异
中文谐音参考：
scold：斯-扣的
rebuke：瑞-比尤克
💡 顾老师纠音：常见发音错误：
- 将"scold"读成"斯科德"（正确：[skəʊld]）
- "rebuke"的重音位置错误
- 混淆"reprimand"和"reproach"的发音
🎯 用法比较
1. 语气强度对比
责备(admonish) < 训斥(reprimand) < 斥责(rebuke) < 叱责(upbraid)
2. 使用场合差异
• 家长对孩子：责骂(scold)
• 老师对学生：训斥(reprimand)
• 上级对下属：斥责(rebuke)
• 老师对学生：训斥(reprimand)
• 上级对下属：斥责(rebuke)
3. 文体差异
• 口语常用：责骂(scold)、训斥(tell off)
• 书面常用：叱责(upbraid)、申斥(censure)
• 书面常用：叱责(upbraid)、申斥(censure)
语法注意：
- 多数动词可直接接宾语：scold sb
- 部分需加介词：reprimand sb for sth
- upbraid后可接for或with
📝 随堂练习
1. 选择合适的词填空：
The headmaster ______ (scolded/reproached) the students for their unruly behavior.
2. 听录音跟读：
[skəʊld] → She scolded the child for breaking the vase.
[rɪˈbjuːk] → The judge rebuked the lawyer for misconduct.
3. 改错：找出使用不当的词
原句：The mother upbraided her son for not finishing milk.（过于正式）
修改：The mother scolded her son for not finishing milk.