词语解析：紧张
📚 近义词解析
1. 紧绷（形容状态）
比赛前他的表情很紧绷。
His expression was very tense before the match.
His expression was very tense before the match.
2. 焦虑（心理状态）
她因为考试感到焦虑。
She felt anxious about the exam.
She felt anxious about the exam.
3. 不安（情绪状态）
等待结果时他坐立不安。
He was restless while waiting for the results.
He was restless while waiting for the results.
4. 局促（行为表现）
第一次见面时他显得很局促。
He seemed very ill at ease at the first meeting.
He seemed very ill at ease at the first meeting.
💡 顾老师提示："紧张"在不同语境下有不同侧重，物理状态多用"紧绷"，心理状态多用"焦虑"，社交场合多用"局促"。
🌐 英文对应词
常用翻译：nervous /ˈnɜːrvəs/
其他表达：tense, anxious, stressed
词义辨析：
- nervous：侧重心理上的紧张不安
- tense：侧重身体或气氛的紧绷
- anxious：带有焦虑担忧的情绪
- stressed：因压力导致的紧张
使用场景举例：
面试前感到紧张 → feel nervous before an interview
肌肉紧张 → tense muscles
💡 顾老师纠错：常见翻译错误：
- 错误1：把"紧张的工作"直译为"nervous work"（正确：stressful job）
- 错误2：混淆"tense"和"nervous"的用法区别
- 错误3：忽略不同语境下的近义词选择
🎯 用法总结
1. 形容心理状态
他在众人面前讲话时会紧张。
He gets nervous when speaking in public.
He gets nervous when speaking in public.
2. 形容身体状态
她的肩膀因为久坐而紧张。
Her shoulders are tense from sitting too long.
Her shoulders are tense from sitting too long.
3. 形容气氛/关系
会议室里的气氛很紧张。
The atmosphere in the meeting room was tense.
The atmosphere in the meeting room was tense.
搭配扩展：
- 紧张情绪 → nervousness
- 紧张不安 → anxious and uneasy
- 缓解紧张 → relieve tension
📝 随堂练习
1. 近义词替换：
"他紧张地搓着手" → 可以替换为：他不安地搓着手
2. 英文翻译：
中文：考试前的紧张是正常的
英文：It's normal to feel nervous before an exam.
3. 语境辨析：选择合适的近义词
情境：重要演讲前的心跳加速 → 应选用：焦虑（而非"局促"）