词汇解析:进步的反义词
📚 核心反义词
1. 退步(regress/retrogress)
His English has regressed since he stopped practicing.
自从停止练习后,他的英语退步了。
自从停止练习后,他的英语退步了。
2. 落后(fall behind/lag behind)
Our technology lags behind developed countries.
我们的技术落后于发达国家。
我们的技术落后于发达国家。
3. 倒退(backslide/retreat)
The reform cannot afford to backslide.
改革不能倒退。
改革不能倒退。
4. 衰退(decline/deteriorate)
Memory tends to decline with age.
记忆力会随着年龄衰退。
记忆力会随着年龄衰退。
💡 顾老师提示:选择反义词时要考虑具体语境:"退步"多用于能力,"落后"强调比较,"倒退"指返回原状,"衰退"侧重逐渐减弱。
🔊 发音对比
退步:/rɪˈɡres/ [rɪˈɡres]
落后:/læɡ bɪˈhaɪnd/ [læɡ bɪˈhaɪnd]
发音要点:
- "regress"重音在第二个音节(类似"格瑞斯")
- "lag behind"中"lag"发短音,"behind"重音在第二音节
- "backslide"注意"sl"连读(/bæk.slaɪd/)
- "decline"重音在第二音节(/dɪˈklaɪn/)
中文谐音参考:
退步:瑞-格瑞斯
落后:莱格-比汉德
💡 顾老师纠音:常见发音错误:
- 把"regress"读成"re-gress"(正确:[rɪˈɡres])
- "decline"重音错放在第一音节(正确在第二音节)
- "deteriorate"漏读第四个音节(/dɪˈtɪə.ri.ə.reɪt/)
🎯 用法区别
1. 退步 vs 落后
退步:Compared to last year, his grades have regressed.
落后:Our research lags 5 years behind international standards.
落后:Our research lags 5 years behind international standards.
2. 倒退 vs 衰退
倒退:The policy change represents a backslide in human rights.
衰退:The patient's condition is deteriorating rapidly.
衰退:The patient's condition is deteriorating rapidly.
3. 其他相关表达
停滞不前(stagnate):The project has stagnated for months.
恶化(worsen):The economic situation continues to worsen.
恶化(worsen):The economic situation continues to worsen.
语法注意:
- "regress/retrogress"为正式用语,日常多用"go backward"
- "lag behind"可接具体差距:lag 10 years behind
- "deteriorate"为不及物动词,不能接宾语
📝 随堂练习
1. 选择适当反义词:
After the revolution, the country ______ (progressed/regressed) into chaos.
2. 听录音跟读:
经济衰退:[ɪˈkɒn.ə.mi dɪˈklʌɪn]
技术落后:[tekˈnɒl.ə.dʒi læɡ bɪˈhaɪnd]
3. 改错:找出使用不当的反义词
原句:His health has progressed recently.(应为regressed)
正确:His health has deteriorated recently.