近义词解析:发誓
📚 基本释义
1. 宣誓(正式场合的郑重承诺)
他在就职典礼上庄严宣誓。
He made a solemn oath at the inauguration ceremony.
He made a solemn oath at the inauguration ceremony.
2. 起誓(强调承诺的开始)
他对天起誓说绝无虚言。
He swore to heaven that he was telling the truth.
He swore to heaven that he was telling the truth.
3. 立誓(侧重承诺的建立)
战士们立誓保卫祖国。
The soldiers pledged to defend the motherland.
The soldiers pledged to defend the motherland.
4. 赌咒(带有诅咒性质的誓言)
他赌咒说如果撒谎就天打雷劈。
He cursed that he would be struck by lightning if lying.
He cursed that he would be struck by lightning if lying.
💡 顾老师提示:"发誓"的核心意思是"郑重承诺",具体用哪个近义词要根据场合和语气决定。注意"宣誓"最正式,"赌咒"带有负面色彩。
🔍 用法区别
近义词对比:
- 宣誓:最正式,多用于法律、就职等场合
- 起誓:强调开始承诺,常与"对天"搭配
- 立誓:侧重建立承诺,多用于决心表达
- 赌咒:带有诅咒成分,语气最强烈
典型搭配:
宣誓就职 / 宣誓效忠 / 宣誓作证
对天起誓 / 发毒誓 / 赌咒发誓
立誓报仇 / 立誓戒烟 / 立誓为证
💡 顾老师纠错:常见使用误区:
- 错误1:把"宣誓"用在非正式场合(如朋友间)
- 错误2:"赌咒"误用为中性词(实际含贬义)
- 错误3:"立誓"和"起誓"混用(前者侧重结果,后者侧重动作)
🎯 用法总结
1. 正式场合 → 用"宣誓"
新法官宣誓就职。
The new judge took the oath of office.
The new judge took the oath of office.
2. 日常承诺 → 用"起誓/立誓"
他立誓要改过自新。
He vowed to turn over a new leaf.
He vowed to turn over a new leaf.
3. 强烈表态 → 用"赌咒"
她赌咒说再也不见他。
She swore she would never see him again.
She swore she would never see him again.
语法注意:
- 都可接宾语从句(如:他发誓说...)
- "宣誓"常与"仪式""典礼"搭配
- "赌咒"后可接"如果...就..."的条件句
📝 随堂练习
1. 选择合适的近义词:
"总统在国会山( )就职"(选项:宣誓/起誓/赌咒)
2. 翻译句子:
"He swore to tell the truth in court."
(提示:根据场合选择最准确的中文表达)
3. 改错:找出使用不当的近义词
原句:"我和朋友赌咒要一起努力"(错误:赌咒含贬义)
修改:"我和朋友立誓要一起努力"