词汇解析:发誓
📚 近义词解析
1. 立誓(正式庄严的承诺)
他在国旗前立誓效忠祖国。
He made a solemn pledge before the national flag.
He made a solemn pledge before the national flag.
2. 起誓(郑重做出承诺)
我向你起誓,这件事绝对不是我做的。
I swear to you that I didn't do this.
I swear to you that I didn't do this.
3. 宣誓(正式场合的公开承诺)
新入职员工需要宣誓遵守公司规章制度。
New employees must take an oath to comply with company regulations.
New employees must take an oath to comply with company regulations.
4. 赌咒(带有诅咒性质的誓言)
他赌咒说如果撒谎就天打雷劈。
He swore that if he lied, he would be struck by lightning.
He swore that if he lied, he would be struck by lightning.
💡 顾老师提示:"发誓"的核心意思是"郑重承诺",不同近义词在正式程度和情感色彩上有差异。注意"宣誓"多用于正式场合,"赌咒"带有负面情感色彩。
🔊 发音指导
普通话发音:/fā shì/ [fā shì]
粤语发音:/faat3 sai3/ [faat sai]
发音要点:
- "发"读第一声,声调平稳
- "誓"读第四声,降调明显
- 两字之间略有停顿
- 粤语"faat"发音时嘴唇要收圆
常见错误发音:
错误:把"誓"读成第二声(正确:第四声)
错误:两字连读过快(应有适当停顿)
💡 顾老师纠音:注意区分以下发音:
- 发誓(fā shì) ≠ 发饰(fā shì)(同音不同义)
- 发誓(fā shì) ≠ 发市(fā shì)(同音不同义)
- 粤语中"誓"sai3 ≠ "世"sai3(同音不同义)
🎯 用法总结
1. 发誓 + 动词短语 → 承诺做某事
他发誓再也不赌博了。
He swore never to gamble again.
He swore never to gamble again.
2. 发誓 + 小句 → 保证某事的真实性
我发誓我说的都是真的。
I swear that what I said is true.
I swear that what I said is true.
3. 对...发誓 → 向特定对象做出承诺
我对天发誓,这件事与我无关。
I swear to heaven that this has nothing to do with me.
I swear to heaven that this has nothing to do with me.
语法注意:
- 可作谓语:"他发誓"
- 可带宾语:"发誓戒烟"
- 可作定语:"发誓的样子"
📝 随堂练习
1. 近义词替换练习:
原句:他在法庭上发誓说真话。
替换:他在法庭上宣誓说真话。
替换:他在法庭上宣誓说真话。
2. 判断正误:
"我发誓明天一定来"可以替换为"我赌咒明天一定来"(×)
解析:"赌咒"带有负面色彩,不适合中性语境
3. 情景造句:
正式场合:新法官宣誓就职。
日常语境:他发誓再也不迟到了。